Lynch Syndrome
What is Lynch Syndrome?
Lynch Syndrome is a genetic condition which increases the risk of various cancers. Someone with Lynch Syndrome has a higher likelihood of developing bowel cancer compared to the general population.
In the UK, Lynch Syndrome is managed through a combination of genetic testing, surveillance and preventative measures. Someone with a family history of Lynch Syndrome may undergo genetic testing to identify the specific gene mutation associated with the condition. If the Lynch Syndrome is identified, the individual will be offered regular screening for bowel cancer and other cancers associated at an earlier age than the general population.
A person with the Lynch Syndrome gene is at a greater risk of developing bowel cancer.
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing is completed to identify mutations in genes associated such as MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 and EPCAM.
The risk of developing cancer can vary. This is dependant on which gene mutation is identified via testing, your age and your gender.
Lynch Syndrome Screening
Bowel Cancer Screening Programme surveillance for patients diagnosed with Lynch Syndrome is conducted every two years by colonoscopy and will start depending on which gene mutation is confirmed.
Gene mutations:
- MLH1, MSH2, EPCAM surveillance starts from age 25.
- PMS2, MSH6 surveillance starts from age 35.
With Lynch Syndrome Screening, the NHS aims to identify individuals at increased risk for cancer due to genetic predisposition and implement appropriate surveillance as a preventative measure to reduce the likelihood of cancer or to detect a cancer at an early, more treatable stage. For bowel cancer, this will be completed by an accredited colonoscopist at your local screening centre.
Lynch Syndrome FAQs
If you have any questions about Lynch syndrome, please refer to the FAQs below. If your query is not answered here, you can call the free Bowel Cancer Screening helpline on 0800 707 60 60.
Newly Diagnosed Lynch Syndrome Patients
You will have an appointment with a specialist (known as a Specialist Screening Practitioner or SSP). They will assess whether you should have a colonoscopy. They will also arrange any follow up appointments and procedures, including surgery if that is needed.
If it is appropriate, you can have a regular colonoscopy through the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.
A colonoscopy may not be right for you if you have a health condition. If so, your specialist will discuss this with you at the appointment.
If you have Lynch syndrome, you are at a higher risk than the average person of getting bowel cancer. Regular screening by having a colonoscopy picks up on any risks and therefore lowers your chance of becoming seriously ill or dying from bowel cancer. It also lowers the chance of bowel cancer developing in the first place.
If you have Lynch syndrome, you will be invited for a colonoscopy every 2 years which is the recommended guidance for surveillance. Guidelines for the management of hereditary colorectal cancer from the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)//Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI)/United Kingdom Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG).
A colonoscopy examines your colon to check for polyps and signs of cancer.
Visit Lynch Syndrome – GOV.UK for more information about having a colonoscopy. You can also call the screening centre and discuss your concerns with one of the Specialist Screening Practitioners or talk to them at your appointment.
An NHS colonoscopist (a health professional specially qualified in carrying out colonoscopies) will carry out your colonoscopy at your local NHS screening centre.
No, people with Lynch syndrome do not receive a faecal immunochemical ‘home testing’ kit (also known as a FIT kit). These tests identify blood in poo which may result in a colonoscopy being needed. If you have Lynch syndrome, due to your higher risk of bowel cancer, you are offered a colonoscopy directly instead.
The following websites provide information about bowel cancer screening and Lynch syndrome:
Existing Lynch Syndrome Patients
If you previously had a colonoscopy for Lynch syndrome, but not through the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, you may be offered an appointment at a different hospital to the one you usually attend. It’s best to have your colonoscopy at the screening centre you’re referred to, so you have it as soon as possible. Some people may see the same person if they perform colonoscopy as part of the NHS bowel cancer screening programme.
Not necessarily – where possible you will attend the screening centre nearest to your home. If you choose to remain under the care of your existing centre, you might need to travel further than for the screening centre you were invited to through the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.
You can choose where you have a colonoscopy. You can receive your care at the centre closest to your home as part of the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. If you prefer, you can request a transfer to another accredited screening centre, for example, to one you have been to before. This is called a ‘screening centre transfer’.
If you decide to transfer to another screening centre, you should contact the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme by calling the free helpline on 0800 707 60 60 for further advice.
This does not mean your surveillance will stop. You can also continue to receive your colonoscopies through your current hospital (even if they are not a bowel cancer screening centre), but your surveillance colonoscopies would not be arranged and managed through the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.
Not all endoscopy units are screening centres managed by the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. If your current screening centre is not managed by the programme, you will be offered a centre close to your home that is managed by the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.
Not all endoscopy units are screening centres managed by the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. If your current screening centre is not managed by the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, you will be offered a centre close to your home that is managed by the programme. You can also choose an alternative bowel cancer screening centre if that is more convenient.
If you would prefer to have your colonoscopy at your current centre, you can choose to do that rather than through the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.
The decision to offer surveillance colonoscopies every two years was based on clinical advice and evidence by the British Society of Gastroenterology that it is safe to do so and in the best interests of people with Lynch syndrome.
However, you will have colonoscopies yearly if there are signs of bowel cancer.
You might have received a letter to explain that your colonoscopies will be managed by the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Your local screening centre will then call you to confirm the date of your last colonoscopy.
If you are not sure if you have been included, please call the free Bowel Cancer Screening helpline on 0800 707 60 60.
If you haven’t been contacted by the screening service, you can call the free Bowel Cancer Screening helpline on 0800 707 60 60.
The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening programme will guarantee that you receive high quality colonoscopic surveillance at 2 yearly intervals. Other aspects of your Lynch syndrome care will not change.
Although you may be offered an appointment at a different hospital to the one you usually attend, your colonoscopies will be carried out by highly qualified colonoscopists at your local screening centre.
You should contact the free Bowel Cancer Screening helpline on 0800 707 60 60 and explain that you want to opt back in to Lynch syndrome surveillance within the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.
More Information and Useful Resources
For more information about what to expect when you are invited for a colonoscopy, we have created a video to explain the procedure.
Helping you decide leaflet – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
The Lynch Syndrome Clinic – St Mark’s The National Bowel Hospital (stmarkshospital.nhs.uk)
www.gov.uk/government/publications/lynch-syndrome
Lynch Syndrome information – RM Partners
News
To learn more about the recent change in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, click here.